Despite facing severe sanctions, Russia's currency didn't collapse primarily due to several factors. Firstly, Russia possesses substantial reserves, including foreign currency reserves and gold, which act as a cushion during economic crises.

 These reserves provide a degree of stability and allow the country to manage its currency's value to some extent.

Additionally, Russia's economy is diverse, with industries beyond oil and gas contributing to its GDP. While sanctions targeted sectors like finance, energy, and defense, the overall economy had some resilience due to its diversity. Also, Russia's oil and gas exports remained significant revenue sources despite the sanctions, contributing to its economic stability.

Furthermore, the government implemented measures to support the currency, such as controlling capital flows, intervening in currency markets, and using monetary policies to stabilize the exchange rate. These interventions helped prevent a sudden and drastic collapse of the currency.

Lastly, Russia established economic partnerships with other countries and regions, particularly China, which provided alternative markets and investment opportunities. 

This diversification lessened the impact of the sanctions on Russia's economy and currency.Combining these factors, including reserves, economic diversity, government interventions, and international partnerships, helped Russia avoid a complete collapse of its currency despite facing significant sanctions.